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Instruments that use the treble clef include violin, flute, oboe, cor anglais, all clarinets, all saxophones, horn, trumpet, cornet, vibraphone, xylophone, mandolin, recorder, bagpipe and guitar. The treble clef was historically used to mark a treble, or pre-pubescent, voice part.
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For this reason, the terms "G-clef" and "treble clef" are often seen as synonymous. This is the most common clef in use and is generally the first clef learned by music students. The only G-clef still in use is the treble clef, with the G-clef placed on the second line. The C-clef on the topmost line is equivalent to the F-clef on the third line but both options have been used.Įach of these clefs has a different name based on the tessitura for which it is best suited. Thus, there are nine possible distinct clefs, all of which have been used historically: the G-clef on the two bottom lines, the F-clef on the three top lines, and the C-clef on any line except the topmost. Six of these are redundant because they result in an identical assignment of the notes to the lines (and spaces)-for example, a G-clef on the third line yields the same note placement as a C-clef on the bottom line. With five lines on the stave and three clefs, there are fifteen possibilities for clef placement. Theoretically, any clef may be placed on any line. For example, even the low saxophones read in treble clef.
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Transposing instruments can be an exception to this-the same clef is generally used for all instruments in a family, regardless of their sounding pitch. To this end, the G-clef is used for high parts, the C-clef for middle parts, and the F-clef for low parts. Using different clefs for different instruments and voices allows each part to be written comfortably on a stave with a minimum of ledger lines. The use of different clefs makes it possible to write music for all instruments and voices, regardless of differences in range. A clef may be placed on a space instead of a line, but this is rare. The C-clef is mostly encountered as alto clef (placing middle C on the third line) or tenor clef (middle C on the fourth line). In modern music notation, the G-clef is most frequently seen as treble clef (placing G4 on the second line of the stave), and the F-clef as bass clef (placing F3 the fourth line). Placing these clefs on a line fixes a reference note to that line-an F-clef fixes the F below middle C, a C-clef fixes middle C, and a G-clef fixes the G above middle C. The three clef symbols used in modern music notation are the G-clef, F-clef, and C-clef. When a clef is placed on a stave it assigns a particular pitch to one of the five lines, which in turn gives pitch value to the remaining lines and spaces. Middle C represented on (from left to right) treble, alto, tenor and bass clefsĪ clef (from French: clef 'key') is a musical symbol used to indicate which notes are represented by the lines and spaces on a musical stave.